These 25 quotes from the legendary book by Lewis Carroll about life and its laws. We begin to understand these clearly not childish statements only when we grow up!

You have to run as fast as you can just to stay in place, and to get somewhere you have to run at least twice as fast!
Everything has its own morality, you just need to be able to find it!
- You can't believe the impossible!
“You just don’t have enough experience,” the Queen remarked. “When I was your age, I devoted half an hour to this every day!” On some days, I managed to believe in a dozen impossibilities before breakfast!
You know, one of the biggest losses in battle is losing your head.
Tomorrow never happens today! Is it possible to wake up in the morning and say: “Well, it’s finally tomorrow”?
Few people find a way out, some don’t see it even if they find it, and many don’t even look for it.
- Taking anything in this world seriously is a fatal mistake.
- Is life serious?
- Oh yes, life is serious! But not very...
I've seen such nonsense, compared to which this nonsense is like a dictionary!
The best way to explain is to do it yourself.
If every person minded his own business, the Earth would spin faster.
-Where can I find someone normal?
“Nowhere,” answered the Cat, “there are no normal people.” After all, everyone is so different and dissimilar. And this, in my opinion, is normal.
Just think that because of some thing you can shrink so much that you turn into nothing.
No matter how she tried, she could not find a shadow of meaning here, although all the words were completely clear to her.
If your head is empty, alas, the greatest sense of humor will not save you.
- What do you want?
- I want to kill time.
- Time really doesn’t like being killed.
She always gave herself good advice, even though she didn't follow it often.
“Don’t be sad,” said Alice. - Sooner or later everything will become clear, everything will fall into place and line up in a single beautiful pattern, like lace. It will become clear why everything was needed, because everything will be right.
- What are those sounds over there? - Alice asked, nodding at the very secluded thickets of some pretty vegetation at the edge of the garden.
“And these are miracles,” explained the Cheshire Cat indifferently.
- And.. And what are they doing there? - the girl asked, inevitably blushing.
“As it should be,” the cat yawned. - They happen...
If this were so, it would be nothing. If, of course, it were so. But since this is not so, it is not so. This is the logic of things.
Whatever is said three times becomes true.
Never consider yourself to be different from what others do not consider you to be, and then others will not consider you to be different from what you would like to appear to them.
Ten nights are ten times warmer than one. And ten times colder.
- Tell me, please, where should I go from here?
-Where do you want to go? - answered the Cat.
“I don’t care...” said Alice.
“Then it doesn’t matter where you go,” said the Cat.
The plan, needless to say, was excellent: simple and clear, it couldn’t have been better. It had only one drawback: it was completely unknown how to carry it out.
If everything in the world is meaningless, - said Alice, - what prevents you from inventing some meaning?

Year of writing — 1865

Prototype: Alice Liddell.

Genre. Fairy Tale

Subject. Amazing, fantastic adventures of the girl Alice in a dream

Idea. You should strive to understand the world, dream, be honest and courageous, appreciate the simple joys of life, a happy childhood.

"Alice in Wonderland" main characters

Alice is the main character
White Rabbit
The Dodo is a bird that Alice discovers on the shore next to the Sea of Tears.
The caterpillar is a blue, three-inch tall insect found in Chapters 4 and 5.
The Cheshire Cat is the Duchess's cat who smiles often.
Duchess
The Hatter is a hatmaker, one of the participants in the Mad Tea Party.
The March Hare is a crazy hare that Alice meets at the Mad Tea Party.
Sonya is a participant in the mad Tea Party.
The griffin is a mythical creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion.
The Quasi Turtle is a turtle with a calf's head, tail, large eyes, and hooves on its hind legs.
Queen of Hearts

"Alice in Wonderland" plot

Alice, bored on the river bank with her sister, suddenly sees the White Rabbit in a hurry, holding a pocket watch in his paw. She follows him down a rabbit hole, falls down it, and ends up in a hall with many locked doors. There she finds the key to a small 15-inch door, behind which she can see the garden, but cannot get into it due to her height.

Alice discovers various objects that increase and decrease her height. After crying, she notices the Rabbit, who has dropped his fan and gloves. After waving her fan, she shrinks and falls into a sea of her own tears. Alice meets a mouse and various birds, listens to the story of William the Conqueror, and plays Circle Run to dry herself off. The rabbit asks Alice to find his things and sends her to his house. Leaving the gloves there, Alice drinks the strange liquid from the bottle and grows again, barely fitting into the Rabbit’s home.

The latter, trying to find out what is happening, sends Bill the lizard through the chimney, but Alice kicks him back out. The pebbles thrown at her turn into pies; Having eaten them, the main character shrinks again and runs away from home. While searching for the garden she saw through the door, she meets the Caterpillar. She advises her to control herself and, in order to regain her normal height, bite off a piece of mushroom.

Alice follows her advice, but various metamorphoses begin to occur to her: her shoulders either disappear or her neck becomes elongated. Finally she shrinks down to 9 inches and sees the house. After talking with the Frog and entering the building, Alice discovers the Cheshire Cat, the Cook and the Duchess rocking a baby in the kitchen. Having taken the child, the girl leaves the house, and the Duchess announces that she is going to go to croquet. However, the baby turns into a pig and has to be released.

The Cheshire Cat appears on a tree branch. Having said that the Hatter and the March Hare live nearby, he disappears. Alice ends up at the Mad Tea Party, where she tries to solve riddles, listens to the Hatter's thoughts about time and Sonya's fairy tale about three sisters. Offended by the rudeness of the owners, Alice leaves.

Entering the door in one of the trees, the main character again enters the hall and finally enters the garden. In it, she meets the Card Guardians, who mistakenly planted white roses instead of red ones and repainted them in the desired color. After some time, a procession led by the King and Queen of Hearts approaches them. Having learned about the soldiers' guilt, the Queen orders their heads to be cut off, but Alice quietly hides the condemned men in a flower pot. Alice learns from the Rabbit that the Duchess has been sentenced to death.

Everyone who comes begins to play croquet, where flamingos act as clubs and hedgehogs instead of balls. The Queen is trying to cut off the head of the Cheshire Cat, but this plan was not realized - the cat only has his head, which is gradually melting. After talking with the Duchess about morality, Alice, together with the Queen, goes to the Quasi Turtle and the Griffin. The turtle talks about his past when he was a real turtle, sings songs and dances. Then the main character, together with the Griffin, rush to the trial.

There, the Knave of Hearts, who stole seven tartlets from the Queen, is on trial, and the King of Hearts himself presides. The first witness is the Hatter, who talks about how he prepared the sandwich. The second witness is the Cook, who told the court that tartlets are made from pepper. The last witness is called Alice herself, who at that very moment suddenly began to grow again. The Queen demands that Alice's head also be cut off, and that the jury pronounce a verdict regardless of the defendant's guilt. The girl grows to her normal height, and then all the cards rise into the air and fly into her face.

Alice wakes up and finds herself lying on the shore, and her sister is brushing dry leaves off her. The main character tells her sister that she had a strange dream and runs home. Her sister, who also dozed off, again sees Wonderland and its inhabitants. She imagines Alice growing up and telling her children about her sorrows, joys and happy summer days.

One of the world's favorite fairy tales, “Alice in Wonderland” by Lewis Carroll, is full of magic and strangeness. Modern critics find in it everything from sex and drugs to colonial politics and eating disorders. Let's try to see through the eyes of many modern and not so modern critics what it really means to “fall down the rabbit hole.”

"Alice in Wonderland"

Lewis Carroll's fairy tale is full of magical cakes and other sweets, secret doors, wide smiling Cheshire cats and other unimaginable creatures, places and events. The book has never gone out of print since the first moment of its publication.

Over the course of one and a half centuries of existence, the fairy tale has become the source of inspiration for several films, cartoons, computer games, ballet and countless attractions, illustrations and paintings. Even micropsia, a neurological disorder in which a person perceives objects around him in a smaller form, is called Alice in Wonderland syndrome.

However, despite such a tremendous influence on modern culture, the most voluminous product inspired by the fairy tale has been attempts to interpret its symbols. It’s hard to even imagine how many scientific works have been written on the topic, and how many non-scientific ones... everyone who is not too lazy intends to decipher the “hidden message” of the fairy tale.

When you look deeper into these attempts to explain the magic of Wonderland, the beloved classic story appears less like a children's bedtime story and more like a complex, twisted allegory about sex, politics and drug addiction.

The story of the book and Alice

One of the most popular books in literary history had unusually humble roots. While sailing along the Thames, a certain Charles Dogson told a certain Alice Liddell and her sisters the story of the adventures of the girl Alice in an extraordinary, wonderful country.

The girls loved the story so much that they convinced Dogson to write it down and publish it. Taking the now well-known pseudonym Lewis Carroll, Charles Dogson listened to the advice and published his famous work.

Alice was the daughter of the dean of one of the Oxford colleges, where Charles Dogson taught mathematics. Alice was Dogson's favorite, but she was far from the only one of his little friends. To today's observer, who grew up on nightmarish stories about pedophilia and moral violence, this scenario of friendship between an adult man and little ten-year-old girls will seem extremely ambiguous. However, despite the description and photographs, there is not a single piece of evidence that Dogson's intentions were criminal. All the more unpleasant is the reading of some interpretations of the book based on the theory of psychoanalysis - a movement that was just gaining momentum during the first edition of Alice in Wonderland.

Theory of psychoanalysis

Over time, Victorian hypocrisy began to subside, and the development and popularization of the foundations of psychoanalysis gave impetus to not entirely childish interpretations of Alice in Wonderland. Critics read the fairy tale-dream of the girl Alice and explained it in accordance with Freud's theory. Not surprisingly, gynecological, sexual and phallic symbols appeared out of nowhere, the victims of which were the poor caterpillar, which, according to its own statement, has a wonderful size of three inches. The fall into the rabbit hole and the curtain that Alice must part are a reflection of the sexual act, as is the desire to pick up the keys to the locks.

Growing up

More philosophically minded critics perceived the psychoanalytic interpretation of the tale as an allegory of growing up. All this sexual symbolism was just a passage from childhood to adolescence and then to adulthood, in which decisions must be made, the consequences of which affect others. Of course, this path also leads through puberty, because sexual and phallic symbols do not go away.

However, puberty, according to critics, is most clearly demonstrated in the changes in Alice's body - she is either too big, sometimes tiny, sometimes disproportionate. Psychologically, these changes lead to the fact that the girl cannot decide who she is and what she needs. She is in search of her Self, and in this search, Alice conflicts with authorities, doubts the legitimacy of the rules, learns to play adult games, acquires a sense of justice and for the first time faces the threat of death.

Drugs

Of course, there were those critics who focused on the too obvious narcotic nature of some events in the fairy tale. Images of a hookah-smoking caterpillar and hallucinogenic mushrooms only stimulate the imagination of those who want to interpret the whole story as one big “arrival.” Psychedelic imagery, falling down rabbit holes, characters disappearing and reappearing, nonsense phrases, and memory problems have been interpreted as a result of regular drug use. It is worth saying that Dogson did not consume anything more dangerous than homeopathic cold medicines.

Politic system

It wasn't just drugs, sex and rock 'n' roll that were found between the lines of this classic English tale. Another school of critics viewed Alice in Wonderland as a political allegory. After the heroine jumps down the rabbit hole, she finds herself in a kingdom ruled by a hot-tempered and domineering person. This was seen as criticism of Queen Victoria, for whom, according to some reports, Dogson had no particular sympathy. In addition, the chaotic system of government and unclear laws also showed parallels with the Great Britain of the time of Lewis Carroll.

Colonization and attitudes towards colonies

Many critics perceived the behavior of Alice in Wonderland as a clear parallel with the attitude of the British towards their colonies. How does Alice behave after she finds herself in an unfamiliar, magical land with its own unique rules? Not understanding local customs and not knowing the laws, the girl seeks to establish her own rules in a new place. She is not at all embarrassed by the negative results of these attempts, and she continues to restore “order” where events occur according to completely different laws.

Considering all these theories, parallels and interpretations, one can clearly follow how society, its values and interests have changed over the course of a century and a half. All these changes bring with them a new “lens” through which you can look at the existing text. This speaks first of all about the timelessness of the work and its quality. Any generation will find a reflection of their events and interests in it.

Riddles and solutions

On the pages of Alice in Wonderland, critics found everything: representation of nutrition problems, symbolic algebra, satire on the War of the Roses and the problem of slavery. In all this endless and bright stream of theories, it is not surprising to get lost and find yourself as dumbfounded as a little girl who finds herself in a magical land.

As a mathematician, Lewis Carroll filled his history with mysteries, from the Mad Hatter's riddles to playing croquet with the queen. No matter how Alice tries to solve them, they turn out to have little meaning, and the solutions lead her nowhere.

Even though in real life Carroll loved, studied, and taught logic, there is nothing logical in his fictional world. Perhaps the main message of his extraordinarily strange book is that the world is actually full of madness and illogicality, so instead of looking for an explanation for everything, you should just enjoy the magic.

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Analysis of the work" Alice in Wonderland" Lewis Carroll

L. Carroll's fairy tale "Alice in Wonderland" is one of the most famous works of world literature. Despite the fact that it has been translated into various languages, it is one of the most difficult works to translate. In this tale, the main character, one might say the “powerful character,” is the English language. Alice, and with her the author, peered into the depth of semantic expressions and only played them out. This game with language is a "philosophical game." It is this that underlies Carroll's method. For a translator, who must operate with the categories of another language associated with a completely different range of images and associations, this creates special difficulties. It is absolutely impossible to translate it into Russian, not that it was impossible to force Russian words to play the same games and show the same tricks that English words did under Carroll's magic pen, but what was most important was lost, and the fairy tale became boring and unpleasant.

I. Characteristics of heroes (characters of the work)

Wonderland Characters:

White Rabbit

Blue Caterpillar

Duchess

Cheshire Cat

March Hare

Hatter

Sonya Mouse

Queen of Hearts

King of Hearts

Jack of Hearts

Quasi Turtle

Tweedledee and Tweedledee

White Chess Queen

White Chess King

White knight

Unicorn

Humpty Dumpty

Black Chess Queen

Black Chess King

Positive heroes:

· Alice(main character)- eternal dreamer. She is never bored: she will always invent a game or entertainment for herself. At the same time, the main character is extremely polite to everyone, regardless of the person’s origin and personal qualities. Well, she is moderately naive - this is due to her young age and dreaminess. Another integral feature of Alice is curiosity. It is thanks to him that she gets into all sorts of troubles and adventures. In the team she plays the role of an observer: she definitely needs to see how the matter ends. But if she becomes interested, she will go to the end to satisfy her curiosity. And he will get out of any situation unharmed, thanks to his inexhaustible ingenuity.

· Alice's friend - Mad Hatter (Hatter)- Hatmaker, one of the participants in the Mad Tea Party. In the book, when he meets Alice, he behaves tactlessly, so the main character asks him “not to get personal.” He asks her riddles and periodically tries to wake up Dormouse. In the words of the Cheshire Cat, Hatter is "out of his mind." In addition to the fact that the character constantly drinks tea, he sells hats and sings songs at a concert. At the trial, he was the first witness, describing himself as a "little man" who was as round as his hats. He is fearless, rushes to Alice's defense, even risking his own life. Just as he became a skilled hatmaker in the service of the White Queen, he was struck down by the disease mercurialism (mercury poisoning), an unfortunate side effect of hatmaking, and so he did not feel well.

· White Rabbit- A talking animal with pink eyes, dressed in a vest and kid gloves. He carries a watch in his pocket and lives in a “clean house” with the inscription: “B. Rabbit.” The rabbit is always late for something, and is always a kind of guide for Alice, helping her fall into Wonderland. The author noted that the Rabbit was created to contrast with the main character: he is timid, weak-minded and fussy. He must find Alice and bring her to Down Under so that she can fulfill her destiny - this is why the rabbit shows up at the garden party, where Alice notices him, and leads her to the rabbit hole. The rabbit is sometimes extremely irritable and strict with Alice. It feels like Time is very important to him and it makes him nervous and catch up.

· King of Hearts - Husband of the Queen of Hearts. Represents a more moderate direction in the government of Wonderland compared to his cruel wife, whose favorite command is "Cut off the head!" For example, when the Queen tries to execute Alice (blaming her for not being able to answer who lies in front of her), the King reminds the Queen that Alice is still a child. He also quietly forgives many of those whom the Queen ordered beheaded while she was not looking - as a result, only a few of them are executed. However, when the Queen plays croquet, the only players left at the end are the King, Queen and Alice.

· Cheshire Cat - Alice affectionately called him Cheshik and considered him her friend. The cat himself thinks that he is out of his mind, because (unlike dogs) he grumbles when he is happy and wags his tail when he is angry. He knows how to disappear - both completely and partially - leaving only a smile or a head. He radiates calmness, impressiveness, and hides his cowardice behind a seductive smile. He offers to clean the wounds on her hand by licking them. Alice refuses the "so flattering" offer, but agrees that the Cat will take her to the Hatter's tea party, where the Hatter accuses the Cat of running away on the day the Red Queen seized the throne of Down Under. Later, thanks to his abilities and the Mad Hatter's hat, the Cat makes amends and is rehabilitated in the eyes of his friends.

· Blue Caterpillar - The insect is blue in color and three inches tall. He sits on a porcini mushroom and smokes a hookah. The Caterpillar's advice that one should always control oneself expressively parodies the main technique of moralizing literature for children of the early 19th century. In the later version of the tale, the Caterpillar asks Alice to bite off different sides of the mushroom, while in the original version - from the cap and from the stem.

· Dodo speaks “not humanly”: his speech is overloaded with scientific terms. He organizes a Circle Run, after which he declares everyone who participated in the race the winners. As a result, Alice has to give everyone a candied fruit, and she herself has to receive her own thimble from Dodo. The Dodo bird is a reflection of Carroll himself. Dodo wears glasses and a cane. Dodo is calm and intelligent, and it is he who stops his friends' argument regarding Alice's identity by offering to take her to the wise Caterpillar Absolem.

· Tweedledee and Tweedledum mentioned in the list of figures placed by Carroll before the text of the tale itself. Both of them are white. They are supposed to be rooks. The first mention of Tweedledum and Tweedledum occurs when the Black Queen points the way to Alice's royal throne. According to her, the houses of Tweedledum and Tweedledum are located between the railway and the Sheep's shop. Next, Alice sees signs “To Tweedledee’s House” and “To Tweedledee’s House.” They point in one direction. Alice decides to follow the signs until she comes to a fork. Then Alice realizes that Tweedledee and Tweedledum are living together. Alice mistakes Tweedledee and Tweedledee for two bags of wool, however, the misunderstanding is quickly cleared up. Upon meeting, Alice immediately remembers the poem, and the actions develop, in general, in accordance with it - Tweedledum found a broken rattle and the brothers decide to piss each other off, but a raven flies in and the brothers hide in the forest, and Alice meets the White Queen, who is looking for a shawl, carried away by the wind, which was raised by the raven. Naive and childish, charming and sweet, they sincerely want to help, but they are of little use, because they speak in tongue twisters, constantly interrupting each other.

· Jack of Hearts - He first appears in Chapter Eight, "Royal Croquet", where he carries the crown. Shown as a kind character. Knave then appears in the chapter "Who Stole the Pretzels?", where he is the main suspect. (The image of the Knave of Hearts is taken from children's English poems about the Knave who stole pretzels from the Queen of Hearts). He was almost killed by the Hatter, but survived. He was sent into exile with the Queen, which was worse for him.

· White knight - When the Black Officer tried to capture the pawn Alice, the white officer saved her and escorted her to the next square.

· White Chess Queen - One of the chess Queens who are going to examine Alice in order for her to become a Queen. In one of the scenes, the White Queen tells Alice about how you can live backwards and remember the future. The White Queen's shawl flies away, and in pursuit of it, she and Alice cross the stream and turn into a Sheep sitting knitting.

· Black Chess Queen- Alice first meets the Black Queen in Chapter I, "The House in the Mirror", when she sees her as tall as a chess piece. However, in chapter

“The Garden Where the Flowers Spoke” Alice meets the Queen, who is already of normal height, and she invites her to become a white pawn so that Alice, having reached the 8th square, can turn into a queen. When Alice reaches the 8th square, the White and Black Queens say that in order to become a queen, she needs to pass the “Royal Exam”, and begin to ask her questions, for example, what will happen if you divide a bun into bread, etc. Soon the Black and White Queens fall asleep and Alice becomes queen.

· Black Chess King - Husband of the Black Queen. Tweedledum and Tweedledee assure Alice that he only exists because the Black King dreams of him.

· White Chess King - Alice first meets him in the first chapter of "Through the Looking Glass House". She then meets him in chapter seven, "The Lion and the Unicorn". He believes that when you feel sick, you should eat splinters. Has two messengers "one runs there, the other from there." He loves accuracy (he specifies the number of troops sent) and writes everything down in a book. The king is amazed that Alice sees Nobody and asks to sit down “for a minute.” Has a daughter, Lily.

· Sheep hands Alice the knitting needles, which turn into oars, and Alice discovers that she and the Sheep are floating in a boat on the river. Soon Alice and the Sheep find themselves in the shop again, and Alice buys one egg, which in the Sheep's shop costs more than two eggs. Alice tries to take the egg she bought from the shelf, crosses the stream, and the egg turns into Humpty Dumpty sitting on the wall.

· Unicorn and Lion - In the arrangement of the pieces before the start of the game, the Unicorn is classified as a white piece, and the Lion is classified as a black piece. The Lion and the Unicorn, according to the King's first statement, are fighting for his own crown. Lion and Unicorn are quite cute animals. The Unicorn tries to make friends with Alice, and the Lion offers to eat pie in honor of friendship. This is where some complications arise. Looking-glass pies must first be distributed and then cut. Alice tried to do everything normally. Suddenly, a drum roll is heard, and Alice finds herself in the forest.

· Humpty - Dumpty sits cross-legged on a high wall and acts as a looking-glass sage who helps Alice understand the meaning of the words from the poem about the Jabberwocky. Humpty Dumpty insists that every name must mean something. In addition, he claims that words have the meaning that he himself gives them. He has a special closeness to the King, receiving gifts from him on his “unbirthday” (that is, all other days of the year except one). After the fall of Humpty Dumpty, the White King sends “all the King's horses and all the King's men” to collect him. Saying goodbye to Alice, Humpty Dumpty says that the next time they meet, he will not recognize her, since he cannot distinguish her face from the faces of other people. Thus, Lewis Carroll gives one of the first descriptions of prosopagnosia, a mental disorder expressed in the inability to recognize faces. Informally, this disorder is sometimes called "Humpty Dumpty syndrome."

Neutral heroes:

· Quasi Turtle - A turtle with a calf's head, tail, large eyes and hooves on its hind legs. Kwazii said that he was once a real Turtle and went to a school at the bottom of the sea, where he learned French, music, arithmetic, dirty writing and other sciences. The Queen reveals that it is from this character that the quasi-turtle soup is prepared. In the fairy tale, the character constantly cries. This is justified from a biological point of view. Sea turtles actually shed tears often - this is how they remove salt from their bodies.

· Griffin - a mythical creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. During conversations, he periodically coughs. Griffin, by his own admission, received a “classical education” - he played hopscotch with his teacher all day long.

· March Hare - participant of the Mad Tea Party. Carroll gave him the epithet crazy: he lives in a house where all the furnishings are shaped like a hare's head.

The March Hare feels compelled to constantly act as if it were tea time.

The book briefly shows how the March Hare lives in a house where all the furniture and all the clocks are shaped like a hare's head, which convinces Alice that the hare is indeed "raving mad."

The March Hare appears as a witness at the trial of the Knave of Hearts.

· Sonya Mouse - member of the Mad Tea Party. Most of the time he sleeps; Hatter and Hare use it as a pillow. Sometimes in his sleep he starts to sing, then they pinch his sides to make him stop. During the court hearing, Sonya reprimands Alice for growing too fast. According to the events of the fairy tale, Sonya was periodically in the teapot. This is based on the fact that children during Victorian England kept dormouse as pets in teapots that were filled with grass and hay.

Negative heroes:

· Queen of Hearts - In the fairy tale, she appears as a cruel antagonist who, with a certain periodicity, tries to cut off the heads of many other characters. She is often in an irritated or furious state. Has a loud, shrill voice. Alice has an antipathy towards the Queen.

The Queen is a very powerful and cruel woman: she mocks the cute creatures of Wonderland. Believes he has the right to carry out mass executions. Also commands cards and the monstrous Jabberwock. Feeds on people's positive emotions. But she is powerless against the smart and inventive Alice.

Plotworks:

The main idea of the work.

The historical boundaries of the work are 40-70 years of the nineteenth year. Nonsense assimilates the traditions of romantic poetics, the rejection of some canons, and gray everyday reality. In the nonsense genre, the category of childishness is important: the cult of the child is combined with the cult of eccentricity. Eccentricity and childhood are the two main themes of the book. Nonsense creates its own special laws. The peculiarity of the work is that it is anti-didactic and non-religious. If Victorian literature gravitates towards strict norms, then all generally accepted moral and religious-scientific norms are overturned in nonsense. Nonsense differs from satire in the different nature of laughter, which is not journalistic, it is abstract and universal. The nature of laughter connects the nonsense genre with romantic irony, which is parodic in nature. Nonsense removes the parody aspect

Languageworks.

Despite the fact that immediately after its publication, “Alice” received wary and sometimes negative reviews from critics, readers immediately liked the world invented by Lewis Carroll. Later, positive assessments of Carroll’s surreal fantasies began to appear in the press: by the beginning of the 20th century, the world had “grown up” to “Alice.” Perhaps, everyone who has read the book looks into it again and again with pleasure, rushing into the thick of dizzying events following the White Rabbit. And each time he discovers previously unexplored nooks and crannies of Wonderland, discovers new features of its inhabitants and quotes with enthusiastic rapture the witty remarks of the fairy tale heroes.

A fairy tale, in the author’s understanding, is an encrypted mathematical problem behind which lies a certain philosophical meaning. A special technique of childish detachment and alienation is used. This is a look at the familiar from an unusual side, from the point of view of a child. Carroll's only goal is to entertain young listeners with an unusual structure and an abundance of humor.

Genre features of the work:

Carroll in "Alice in Wonderland" views the Universe as an uncontrollable chaotic flow and tries to counter this philosophical and skeptical vision of the world with the means of romantic irony. He turns all human realities into a structural game and reduces intricate human relationships to an ironic “logical game.” Carroll builds a closed system consisting of words. This world is unusual, but unlike the real world, which the writer perceives as chaos, his fairy-tale space is not chaotic.

This tale is characterized by irony and parody, sometimes even travesty of the narrative. But the writer’s irony is of a fundamentally different nature. carol tale philosophical

Carroll turns to folklore without limiting himself to fairy tales alone, although the latter certainly plays an important role in the genesis of his works. The structure and classical elements of folk tales undergo changes in his work. He also turns to folk songs. Carroll does not just insert old folk songs into this tale, he unfolds them into entire prose plots, preserving the spirit and character of folklore heroes and events.

Educational, cognitive, aesthetic value of the work from the point of view of the characteristics of children's perception.

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Signs of the fairy tale genre. French literary fairy tale of the late 17th – early 18th centuries. Problems of structural-typological study of a work. A fairy tale as a sequence of events. Plot and character structure of the fairy tale "Cinderella".

course work, added 06/05/2011

Tales about animals as a unique variety of the fairy-tale genre, a brief history of its development. The fairy tale "The Greedy Old Woman" as an example of animism. System of images, characters. Wolf, fox, bear. The structure of the plot as the basis of the composition of a fairy tale.

abstract, added 09/17/2013

Determination of the fairy tale genre. Study of the archaic stage of gender literature. Comparative analysis of folk and author's fairy tales. The problem of translating gender inconsistencies in O. Wilde's fairy tales. Gender characteristics of the names of Carroll's characters.

course work, added 10/01/2014

Analysis of aesthetic motives for Pushkin’s appeal to the genre of artistic fairy tales. The history of the creation of the work “The Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”, an assessment of its uniqueness and the originality of the characters. The theme of fidelity and love in Pushkin. Speech organization of a fairy tale.

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The book “Alice in Wonderland” won the love of many hearts - both adults and children. Currently, interest in fairy tales does not disappear, but, on the contrary, is increasing. Forty film adaptations of this work from around the world are known. “Alice in Wonderland” never ceases to excite critics, translators, and illustrators. Modern photographers often resort to stylization, dressing their heroines in the image of a little girl caught in a wonderland. Writers and directors willingly use reminiscences, creatively rethinking the images of heroes and episodes of a fairy tale.

So why did “Alice in Wonderland” win such love among readers?

Let's try to understand this issue.

Six years before the tale was put into words, Carroll wrote down a thought that clarifies, but does not completely reveal, the inspired mystery of the world of the Alice books:

“When we sleep and, as often happens, we are vaguely aware of it and try to wake up, don’t we say things in our sleep and do things that in reality deserve the name crazy? Is it not possible, then, to sometimes define insanity as the inability to distinguish between waking life and dream life? We often see a dream and have no suspicion that it is unreality. “A dream is a special world,” and often it is as believable as life itself.”

The idea that sleep is life and vice versa is not new to the 19th century. Suffice it to recall the play by the Spanish playwright Pedro Calderon “Life is a Dream.” But we are not interested in who owns the primacy of this idea, but in the worldview of the author of the work himself. Since Lewis Carroll sees a special world in his dreams, then why not transfer this world into reality and make him the main participant in the events?

In this case, the world of the inexplicable is closely intertwined with a world in which absurdities and absurdities are not welcome. The very fact that reality closes the door to miracles behind itself is absurd. In our opinion, it was precisely this idea that Lewis Carroll tried to put into his work, and it is also one of the reasons for the popularity of “Alice”.

Next, the history of the creation of the book itself is interesting. It is known that the fairy tale appeared during a boat ride and grew as if by itself. Lewis Carroll did not think through anything in advance: neither the plot, nor the images of the characters. Moreover, the fairy tale is surprising in its lack of any morality. One gets the impression that the world of miracles itself came to the Liddell family and was embodied through the lips of Lewis. Yes, Lewis Carroll later edited the tale, but the main plot was formed earlier, and the more valuable is the author’s “spontaneous inspiration.”

Critics and readers searched for meaning in his books, and Lewis Carroll responded to curious minds:

“You ask: “Why don’t you explain the Snark?” I answer: “Because I can’t. How can you explain something that you don’t understand yourself?”

In 1896, twenty years after the poem was published, he writes again: “What is the meaning of the Snark? I'm afraid what I needed was not meaning, but nonsense! However, as you know, words mean more than we think when we use them, and therefore a book must mean something more than the author intended to say. Therefore, whatever meaning is found in the book, I welcome it - this is its purpose.”

From here we can derive another reason for interest in the work of Lewis Carroll and it lies in the fact that the absence of meaning is not yet an indicator that it does not exist. Perhaps it is precisely in its apparent absence that something significant and important is hidden. Maybe not everything that happens in our world should be explained? We are accustomed to the fact that each object has its own purpose, its own name, we are accustomed to using this priceless gift, but when something inexplicable appears, we demand scientific justification, we demand the search for new ways to solve the problem. Lewis Carroll looked at the problem in his own way. He gave the opportunity for the absurd to penetrate into the works and showed the paradoxical nature of our judgments about life. Just remember the scenes of cricket and court. The lack of logic and common sense leads to absurdity: due to the queen’s frequent desire to blow everyone’s head off their shoulders, not a single player is left on the field; in court, Alice is already guilty of having “unacceptably risen above other persons,” the queen intends to first execute and then pass sentence.

The absurd is the starting point that will help us look at our world through the eyes of Lewis Carroll, through the eyes of a man who reveals the paradoxical nature of the realities of our lives.

In developing this lesson, we sought to cover the following subtopics:

1) interest in the personality of Lewis Carroll;

2) the history of the creation of “Alice in Wonderland”;

3) paradoxical in a fairy tale (an attempt to explain the inexplicable, to place emphasis, to discuss and understand why Lewis Carroll used these particular comic techniques, what effect he wanted to achieve and whether he achieved it);

4) reasons for the relevance of the fairy tale.

Goal: developing the ability to find and analyze comic techniques in a text.

get acquainted with the biography of Lewis Carroll;
consider the history of the creation of the fairy tale “Alice in Wonderland”;
know the terms: prototype, paradox, absurdity, grotest, parody;
be able to give examples of episodes from the text.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

Slide 1. Introduction to the topic of the lesson, setting goals and objectives

II. Learning new material

Slides 2-4. Biography of Lewis Carroll

Lewis Carroll was born into a priest's family near Cheshire in England. Lewis had many brothers and sisters, and as a child he invented games for them, drew pictures, and wrote stories and poems.

While studying at school and then at college at Oxford University, Lewis Carroll showed talent for mathematics, language and literature. His favorite activities are photography and visiting the theater. He took about three thousand photographs of children. Lewis loved photographing children and they were always girls.

The future writer did not immediately come to creative activity. He taught mathematics at Oxford University for a long time, and the birth of the famous “Alice in Wonderland” was greatly facilitated by his acquaintance with the family of the dean of the university.

Under the name Lewis Carroll, the English mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson became known throughout the world as the creator of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, one of the most popular books for children.

Slides 5-8. The history of the creation of the fairy tale “Alice in Wonderland”

“Alice in Wonderland” appeared during a boat trip on the River Thames. Carroll came up with a story on the fly, the active listeners of which were the daughters of Liddell, the dean of the faculty. Carroll made Alice the main character, he turned Lorina into the parrot Lorrie, and Edith became the eaglet Ed.

Alice asked to write down this story on paper, and Lewis Carroll did this over the next few months. He bound all the pages and made a small book, providing it with his own drawings. Then, on the advice of his friends, he rewrote the book for a wider readership, adding several more stories previously told to the Liddell children.

1865 - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.

Slide 9.

Teacher: Choose a statement and explain its meaning, referring to the text of the work.

Teacher: What unfamiliar terms have you come across here?

Slide 10. Working with terms

Teacher: Try to establish a correspondence between the definition and the term. Justify your answer.

III. Consolidation.

Slides 11-12

Teacher: The journey to wonderland begins!

Watching the teaser is an emotional immersion into the world of Alice, recalling some episodes of the fairy tale.

Slide 13.

Teacher: What unusual did you notice in Alice’s statements?

Teacher: What creates the comic effect of the story?

Students: Due to the play on words.

Teacher: Name examples of wordplay.

Teacher: Can a person stay when there is nothing left of him? What is the paradox of this phrase?

Students: A person cannot see what will happen to him after disappearance. After all, he is no longer there.

Students: There is no clear answer to Alice's statement. We formulate this answer ourselves. The paradox is that each of us decides independently whether to believe in life after death or not.

Slide 14.

Teacher: Why did Alice suddenly think about sending her feet?

Students: Because she found herself in an uncomfortable position and drew attention to things that she had not noticed before.

Teacher: What is the absurdity of this statement?

Students: The very fact that a person sends a package to his feet is absurd. This cannot happen in nature.

Teacher: What words does Alice often repeat throughout the story?

Students: Nonsense! Nonsense! Nonsense!

Teacher: Why do you think Alice says these words so often?

Students: Because she doesn’t fully believe in what’s happening.

Teacher: What does Alice so persistently want to tell us?

Students: That much in this world cannot be explained or meaning can be found in anything. He simply won’t appear, and perhaps he doesn’t exist at all.

Teacher: What well-known song are these lines similar to?

Pupils: “A Christmas tree was born in the forest...”

Teacher: In the time of Lewis Carroll, there was a special genre of literature called nonsense . The writer composed poems, short statements, full of nonsense and nonsense. Remember the ridiculous “shifter” “A village was driving past a peasant.”

Slide 15.

Teacher: Which of these statements seems the most ridiculous to you? Why?

Slide 16.

Teacher: Help Alice express her thoughts more precisely. Imagine yourself as editors and turn Alice's speech into a more coherent and competent one.

Teacher: What has changed in Alice’s appearance as a result of our editorial work?

Students: Alice became an ordinary girl, devoid of her own characteristics and quirks.

Teacher: What will disappear from the fairy tale if we continue to edit it?

Students: The writer’s own handwriting will disappear. Our vision of the image of Alice and other heroes will appear. Perhaps the narrative will become less intense, less funny.

Teacher: What technique is lost when we try to make a work “correct”?

Students: Paradoxicality and absurdity disappear. Meanwhile, these are the main elements of the author’s style.

IV. Control.

Slides 17-19

Students' answers. Each of them can be individual.

Slide 20. Conclusion

Teacher: Pay attention to the statements of Alice and the Duchess and think about whose point of view you can agree with and why?

Homework.

Compile your own collection of paradoxes by writing out the absurd statements of the characters, indicating the episode and chapter of the fairy tale. The number of absurd statements is at the discretion of the teacher.

V. Results. Reflection

What did you learn?

What have you learned?

What did you find difficult? Light?

Grading.